Lipid profile during rhGH therapy in pediatric renal transplant patients

: To evaluate the effect of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment on the lipid profile of pediatric renal transplant patients, we studied nine children treated with rhGH for 1 yr and a control group of 12 untreated patients matched in terms of age, renal transplant function and post-transplant follow-up. The levels of lipoprotein (a [Lp(a)], cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A (APO A) and apolipoprotein B (APO B), and the APO B/APO A ratio, were determined at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of follow-up. RhGH therapy had no effect on cholesterol, triglycerides or apolipoproteins. Mean serum Lp(a) levels increased from 6.7 ± 5.7 mg/dL at baseline to 11.8 ± 10.7 after 6 months (p = 0.018) and 13.6 ± 15.1 after 12 months of rhGH treatment (p = 0.04), but did not change in the control group. Lp(a) is a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity, and increased Lp(a) levels may be a side-effect of rhGH treatment in renal transplant patients. Although long-term follow-up of a large number of patients is needed to establish the duration and extent of the effects of rhGH treatment on Lp(a) levels in transplanted children, serum Lp(a) levels should be carefully monitored in those receiving rhGH therapy.