Prevalence of cardiometabolic syndrome in HIV-infected persons: a systematic review

HIV infected persons are twofold likely to experience a heart attack, stroke, and other forms of Cardiometabolic Syndrome (CMetS). Electronic searches of databases (MEDLINE and Google Scholar) were queried for articles written in English from 2000 to 2019. In this review (16 publications), a total of 14,002 participants from 8 countries were included. Two continents contributed to 62.5% of the CMetS studies while 38.1% from Latin America and 24.4% from North America. The studies were conducted in 113 different centers, with an average study length of 2.8 years. The majority of the study designs were cross-sectional (62%) followed by a cohort study (25%) and clinical trials (12.5%). The mean age of the population enrolled was 41.9 years and 54.6% of the participants were males. The overall prevalence of CMetS using the National Cholesterol Education Adult Treatment Panel definition was 20.6%. Only 31.3% of the studies were reported using the International Diabetes Federation definition. Smoking and high blood pressure were reported as a risk factor in 62.5% of the studies, while diabetes (31.3%), family history of CMetS (25%), and cardiac vascular and cancer diseases were reported in 12.5% of the studies. The average duration of stay with HIV after confirmation was 5.23 + 1.4 (years + SD) and the median duration on HAART was 4.5 + 2.3 (years + SD). CMetS was a common problem among HIV infected persons. Several RFs can contribute to the development of CMetS with smoking and hypertension highly interrelated. CRD42018107187.