Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 testing usefulness among patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease

Abstract Background and purpose Circulating lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) has emerged as a novel biomarker for cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to determine Lp-PLA 2 mass and activity in a selected cohort of first-ever transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke patients with intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) and to investigate its relationship with the presence of classical vascular risk factors, response to secondary prevention treatments and risk of recurrent vascular events. Methods Lp-PLA 2 mass and activity were measured 3 months after TIA or stroke by means of the PLAC test and CAM-assay (diaDexus, Inc.) respectively in 75 patients. Classic vascular risk factors, preventive treatments and clinical characteristics at the time of the index event were recorded. Follow-up transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) was performed and the presence of a new vascular event was assessed every 6 months. Results Several preventive treatments (statins and clopidogrel) were significantly associated with lower Lp-PLA 2 mass and activity. During follow-up (median time 23 months), eighteen patients (24%) suffered a new vascular event. Baseline factors associated with new vascular events were: history of coronary artery disease, number of intracranial stenoses detected by TCD and also Lp-PLA 2 activity, which was the only independent predictor for new vascular events (hazard ratio 2.89; 95% CI 1.029 to 8.096; p =0.044) after multivariate analysis (Cox regression). Conclusions Lp-PLA 2 activity might be a useful tool to identify intracranial large-artery occlusive disease patients at higher risk of suffering new vascular events.