Antiviral treatment of COVID-19: a clinical pharmacology narrative review

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 in China, has become a pandemic in March 2020 Repurposing old and relatively safe drugs becomes an advantageous option to obtain the urgently needed effective treatment Repurposing chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, oseltamivir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and favipiravir, and the use of investigational drug remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19, are reviewed from the clinical pharmacology perspective, particularly its efficacy and safety Limited clinical studies of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, and remdesivir showed some efficacy in COVID-19 treatment with tolerable adverse effects Potential serious adverse effect of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is cardiac arrhythmia Oseltamivir has no documented activity against SARS-CoV-2, while lopinavir/ritonavir showed limited efficacy in COVID-19 Currently, there is no sufficient evidence to recommend any specific anti-COVID-19 treatment The decision to use these drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic must be based on careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks to the patient