Faktor Risiko Dominan Penderita Stroke di Indonesia

Stroke tends to increase and becomes the first leading cause of death as well as disability in Indonesia that impact in socioeconomy. Stroke is preventable through early detection and control of risk factors. This study aimed to assess the dominant risk factors of stroke in Indonesia. Analysis was done using secondary data of a cross sectional study called Indonesian Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17 software by complex samples. A total of 722,329 subjects aged 15 years and over were included. Stroke prevalence was 1.21%, no difference by sex but increased along with the age. People aged 55 years and over were at higher risk of stroke with adjusted OR of 5.8 (5.32; 6.32, p 0.0001) compared to aged 15-44 years old. The other risk factors were coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, heart failure. Those were 3.13, 2.96, 2.87, and 2.74 times respectively compared to people without related conditions. Stroke occurred since younger age. The dominant risk factors of stroke in Indonesia were older age, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart failure. Healthy behavior and early detection of risk factors should be encouraged to prevent stroke. Keywords : stroke, risk factor, Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) Abstrak Stroke semakin meningkat dan merupakan penyebab kematian serta kecacatan tertinggi di Indonesia yang berdampak secara sosioekonomi. Penyakit stroke dapat dicegah dengan deteksi dini dan pengendalian faktor risiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh faktor risiko dominan penderita stroke di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Survei Riset Kesehatan Dasar Indonesia tahun 2013. Analisis data menggunakan SPSS 17 dengan complex sample. Dari 722,329 responden usia ≥ 15 tahun, didapat prevalensi penderita stroke sebesar 1,21%, proporsi tidak berbeda antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Risiko stroke meningkat seiring meningkatnya usia. Responden berusia ≥ 55 tahun setelah memperhitungkan faktor-faktor lain berisiko 5,8 kali (5,32 ; 6,32, p 0,0001) dibanding usia 15-44 tahun, selanjutnya penyakit jantung koroner, diabetes melitus, hipertensi, gagal jantung masing-masing sebesar 3,13 kali, 2,96 kali, 2,87 kali dan 2,74 kali dibandingkan responden tanpa penyakit-penyakit tersebut. Stroke sudah mulai muncul pada usia muda. Faktor risiko dominan stroke dalam penelitian ini adalah umur yang semakin meningkat, jantung koroner, diabetes melitus, hipertensi, dan gagal jantung. Deteksi dini faktor risiko dan promosi hidup sehat sejak usia dini perlu digalakkan agar memperkecil kejadian faktor risiko dan stroke. Kata kunci : stroke, faktor risiko, Riskesdas 2013