Molecular mechanisms of hydrogen sulfide against uremic accelerated atherosclerosis through cPKCβII/Akt signal pathway

Cardiovascular disease is the most common complication and leading cause of death in maintenance hemodialysis patients. The protection mechanism of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and the specific role of conventional protein kinase C βII (cPKCβII)/Akt signaling pathway in the formation of atherosclerosis is still controversial. 8-week-old male ApoE−/− mice were treated with 5/6 nephrectomy and high-fat diet to make uremia accelerated atherosclerosis (UAAS) model. Mice were divided into normal control group (control group), sham operation group (sham group), UAAS group, L-cysteine group (UAAS+L-cys group), sodium hydrosulfide group (UAAS+NaHS group), and propargylglycine group (UAAS+PPG group). Western blot was used to detect cPKCβII activation, Akt phosphorylation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression in mice aorta. The membrane translocation of cPKCβII in UAAS group was higher than sham group, and L-cys or NaHS injection could suppress the membrane translocation, but PPG treatment resulted in more membrane translocation of cPKCβII (P < 0.05, n = 6 per group). Akt phosphorylation and the eNOS expression in UAAS group was lower than sham group, and L-cys or NaHS injection could suppress the degradation of Akt phosphorylation and the eNOS expression, but PPG treatment resulted in more decrease in the Akt phosphorylation and the eNOS expression (P < 0.05, n = 6 per group). Endogenous cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE)/H2S system protected against the formation of UAAS via cPKCβII/Akt signal pathway. The imbalance of CSE/H2S system may participate in the formation of UAAS by affecting the expression of downstream molecule eNOS, which may be mediated by cPKCβII/Akt signaling pathway.