Interferon-Induced Protein 10 and Interleukin 8: C-X-C Chemokines Present in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

Objective To determine vitreous levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10), which are members of the C-X-C chemokine family that promote and inhibit neovascularization, respectively. Methods We measured the levels of IL-8 and IP-10 by specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in the vitreous from 30 patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and 10 control patients undergoing vitrectomy for idiopathic macular holes or idiopathic macular puckers. Results Detectable levels of IL-8 were found in 23 of 24 patients with active PDR, 4 of 6 patients with inactive PDR, and 6 of 10 controls. Levels of IL-8 were significantly increased in vitreous samples from the patients with active PDR ( P =.02) when compared with vitreous samples from the controls. The IL-8 levels detected in vitreous samples from patients with inactive PDR were not significantly elevated over those found in the control samples. Interferon-induced protein 10 was detected in the vitreous samples from 23 of 24 patients with active PDR, all patients with inactive PDR, and 9 of 10 controls. Significant elevations of IP-10 were measured in samples from patients with active PDR ( P =.004) and in those with inactive PDR ( P =.00) over those from controls. In addition, levels of IP-10 were significantly elevated in vitreous samples from patients with inactive PDR compared with vitreous samples from patients with active PDR ( P =.02). Conclusion Both IL-8 and IP-10 participate in the pathogenesis of PDR.