Recognition, treatment and management of hepatorenal syndrome

The following article is the second of a two-part series focusing on hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). Continuing on from exploring the pathophysiology of this severe consequence of liver disease, this article considers the management and treatment options available. Treatment should attempt to reverse the pathophysiology of intense renal vasoconstriction, although side effects and contraindications invariably exist. The precipitating factors and signs of HRS have been highlighted along with the possible complications to consider when providing patient care. Moreover, practical nursing interventions to assist the monitoring and early diagnosis in practice have been detailed, for this preventable and reversible condition.